A Linked Data Prototype for the Union Catalog of Digital Archives Taiwan

Linked data paradigm has provided the potential for any data to link or to be linked with structural information, internally and externally. To improve on current cultural service of the Union Catalog of Digital Archives Taiwan (catalog.digitalarchives.tw), a linked data prototype is developed and benefited by extending the Art & Architecture Thesaurus (AAT) for a machine-understandable catalog service.

However, knowledge engineering is time and labor consuming, especially for an archive that is non-western based in culture and multidisciplinary in natural. This makes data semantics of the he Union Catalog of Digital Archives Taiwan are extremely challenged for mapping to international standards and vocabularies.

At this stage, the triple store is an experimental addition to the existing Union Catalog of Digital Archives Taiwan architecture, and provides semantic links to target collections for relative suggestions. This will guide us in creating a future technical architecture that is scalable to the whole archive level, compliant with learning by doing guidelines, and preserves the data even that is difficult to be understood fully at present, but at least to be linked by others that may provide third-party’s understandings for their own reuse.

The Digital Archives Thesaurus

The dat Ontology

LOD Prototype System

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• DOI: 10.13140/2.1.3569.8880
• Data Publication and Citation: http://dat.digitalarchives.tw/directory/Dataset
• Reusing:  http://dat.digitalarchives.tw/directory/Reusing

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Reference

Article:

• Bizer, Christian, and Richard Cyganiak. "D2r server-publishing relational databases on the semantic web." Poster at the 5th International Semantic Web Conference. 2006.
• Bizer, Chris, Richard Cyganiak, and Tom Heath. "How to publish linked data on the web." (2007).
• Huang, Andrea Wei-Ching and Tyng-Ruey Chuang, “Relations for Reusing (R4R) in a
• Shared Context: An Exploration on Research Publications and Cultural Objects”, Proc. of the 4th International Workshop on Semantic Digital Archives (SDA), in conjunction with International Digital Libraries Conference (DL2014), London, 8th-12th September 2014.
• Malmsten, Martin. "Making a library catalogue part of the semantic web."Universitätsverlag Göttingen (2008): 146.
• OCLC Linked Data, http://oclc.org/developer/develop/linked-data.en.html
• LC Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies, http://id.loc.gov/

Data:

• 作者不詳（ - ） 。[ 銅琺瑯方瓶] 。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/30/e5/f1.html
• 作者不詳（2500 B.C.-2200 B.C.）。[良渚文化晚期玉琮]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/0c/c0/4e.html
• 作者不詳（1199 B.C.-1000 B.C.）。[商後期□父丁方鼎]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/0c/be/f7.html
• 作者不詳（960 A.D.-1279 A.D.）。[宋官窯 翠青琮式瓶]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/0c/c4/b5.html
• 作者不詳（960 A.D.-1279 A.D.）。[宋定窯 劃花蓮花葵瓣口盤]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/5f/a4/74.html
• 作者不詳（1601 A.D.-1700 A.D.）。[明末清初銅胎琺瑯獸面紋方鼎式爐]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/33/0b/96.html
• 作者不詳（1601 A.D-1700 A.D）。[明 十七世紀 嵌玉石花鳥圓盒]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/33/0e/2d.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清內填琺瑯纍絲瓜形盒]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/59/d2/1c.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清玉香盒]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/11/1c/d8.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清玉鎖環]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/33/48/ef.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清伽南香手串（十八子）]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/5f/a0/ef.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清周樂元 玻璃內繪行旅圖鼻煙壺]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/59/d0/6a.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清青玉琱花爐]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/11/0b/3f.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清剔彩耕作圓瓣式盒]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/33/49/38.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清留青竹雕臂擱]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/10/b4/73.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清瑪瑙葵瓣口碗]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/1c/c6/06.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清銀鍍金嵌珠鳳蝶牡丹鈿花]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/5f/a2/79.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清銀鍍金纍絲點翠嵌珠寶花蝶簪]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/5f/a2/85.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清銅鎏金葫蘆式執壺]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/42/b7/6d.html
• 作者不詳（1644 A.D.-1911 A.D.）。[清燒藍竹桃蘭芝花籃形銀片]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/59/d1/3c.html
• 作者不詳（1736 A.D.-1795 A.D.）。[清乾隆 內填琺瑯番蓮紋瓶]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/0c/c5/bf.html
• 作者不詳（1736 A.D.-1795 A.D.）。[清乾隆 青花荔枝桃實執壺]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/42/b4/00.html
• 作者不詳（1736 A.D-1795 A.D）。[清 乾隆（1736-1795） 剔彩山人水物四瓣式套盒] 。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/33/0e/34.html
• 作者不詳（1741 A.D.-）。[清乾隆六年 磁胎畫琺瑯八哥膽瓶]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/42/b7/d0.html
• 作者不詳（1742 A.D.-）。[清乾隆窯 琺瑯彩藍地開光花卉瓶]。《數位典藏與數位學習聯合目錄》。http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/33/49/cf.html

Code:

• d2R, Database to RDF mapping engine and SPARQL server http://d2rq.org/, https://github.com/d2rq/d2rq
• Huang, Andrea Wei-Ching and Tyng-Ruey Chuang, Relations for Reusing (R4R) Ontology, http://guava.iis.sinica.edu.tw/r4r
• Huang, Andrea Wei-Ching, Chung-Hsi Hung, and Wan-Jung Shu, Keh-Jiann Chen and Tyng-Ruey Chuang, Beta: An Ontology for Publishing Chinese Artifacts as Linked Data Using the Digital Archives Thesaurus (dat), http://dat.digitalarchives.tw/ontology/

Mapping LODLAM 2013 Participants & Library LOD Datasets

LODLAM 2013 Participant Details and Data Source

View Mapping LODLAM 2013 in a larger map

Data Layers

Vocabulary & Ontology for Library Linked Data

The vocabulary list is reorganized from Linked Open Vocabulary ; W3C Incubator Group Report (2011); the Open Metadata Registry (formerly the NSDL Registry); and some others. Note that W3C report uses two types of grouping (i.e. Value Vocabularies and Metadata Element Sets ) which are similar to the Library Community who uses Controlled Vocabularies and Metadata Schemata for classification. The list below is grouped in two types: the new emerging developments for linked open data (LOD) as well as the traditional type in LAM (Library, Archive and Museum). Each main type has sub-types based on data resource type, i.e. General for GLAM, Library/bibliography (e.g. text based data mainly), and Cultural Heritage and Museum (e.g. audio, cartographic, images, cultural/museum objects, etc.)

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LOD: General for GLAM (Gallery, Library, Archive, Museum)

1. DAIA: Document Availability Information Ontology
2. Data Catalog Vocabulary (W3C:2013)
3. Dataset Catalog Vocabulary (2009)
4. DCMI: Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Metadata Terms
5. DCMI Collection Description Community
6. DiLEO: Digital Library Evaluation Ontology
7. Directory Schema (2005)
8. EAC-CPF: Encoded Archival Context – Corporate bodies, Persons, and Families
9. EAD: Encoded Archival Description
10. EDM: Europeana Data Model
11. EPrints Ontology
12. Finnish Ontology Library Service ONKI
13. GISAD: General International Standard Archival Description
14. Linked Data Vocabularies for Cultural Heritage
15. LOCAH RDF Vocabulary
16. Library of Congress Linked Data Service: Authorities and Vocabularies (LC Children's Subject Headings/ LC Genre/Form Terms / LC Name Authority File/ LC Subject Headings/ MARC Countries/ MARC Geographic Areas/ Thesaurus for Graphic Materials/ ISO639 Languages/ MARC Languages/ MARC Relators)/Code List for Cultural Heritage Organizations (new)
17. LODLAM Pattern
18. MADS/RDF: Metadata Authority Description Schema in RDF
19. MODS/RDF: Metadata Object Description Schema in RDF
20. MARC21: MAchine-Readable Cataloging
21. OAI-ORE: Open Archives Initiative － Object Reuse and Exchange
22. OAI ORE terms vocabularyPRONOM (2011)
23. PREMIS: Preservation Metadata: Implementation Strategies Ontology (Library of Congress/LC)
24. R4R: Relations for Reusing (R4R) Ontology
25. RSLP: Research Support Libraries Programme Collection Description Schema
26. SKOS: Simple Knowledge Organization System RDF Schema
27. SKOS-XL: SKOS eXtension for Labels
28. SNaP Ontologies: Simple News and Press Ontologies
29. The Pattern Ontology
30. Works, licences, derivatives and dependencies (W3C: SWAP)

• Thesauri General: Wordnet (related projects; RDF/OWL Representation of WordNet (W3C); Wordnet 3.0 in RDF) ; GeoNames (in RDF): AGROVOC (LOD); Eurovoc

• Related General: DBpedia; Freebase; Creative Commons (CC) License set; Creative Commons Rights Expression Language (CC REL); MARC List for Countries; MARC List for Languages; MARC List for Geographic Areas; Friend of a Friend (FOAF); Vocabulary of Interlinked Datasets (VoID); Upper Mapping and Binding Exchange Layer (UMBEL) Vocabulary; Lexvo.org ontology; Exchangeable Image File Format (EXIF); Open Provenance Model (OPM) ; W3C Provenance Model (PROV); Suggested Upper Merged Ontology (SUMO) ; Schema.org

LOD: Library/bibliography/citation

1. BIBO: Bibliographic Ontology
2. BibTeX ontology
3. CiTO: Citation Type Ontology
4. GND Ontology (2012: GND stands for "Gemeinsame Normdatei" (Integrated Authority File)
5. IFLA: The International Federation of Library Associations Lists ( ISBD / FRBRer/ FRAD / FRSAD/ UNIMARC) ; FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records / Library (final report, 2008); FRBRoo Model (version 2.0, encoded in RDFS, [6-6-2013])
6. Library extension of schema.org (2012: OCLC)
7. JATS: The Standard: JATS: Journal Article Tag Suite, version 1.0 (ANSI/NISO Z39.96-2012)*
8. lobid vocab
9. New York Times subject headings
10. Norwegian translation of MeSH
11. RDA: Resource Description and Access Vocabularies
12. SALT Document Ontology: model the content of scientific publications at different granularity levels.
13. SwetoDblp Ontology of Computer Science Publications
14. SWRC: Semantic Web for Research Communities

LOD: Cultural Heritage/Museum

1. AAT in LOD: the SPARQL end-point of vocab.getty.edu (beta)
2. Archival collections ontology
3. Programmes ontology (BBC)
4. CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (CRM) RDF
5. Curate Ontology (2012) : an ontology for describing museum narratives
6. ICONCLASS as Linked Open Data
7. SAMM ontology (2013): based on EDM and CIDOC CRM
8. ma-ont(2012): Ontology for Media Resources 1.0 (W3C)
9. Music Ontology

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LAM: General

1. ANSI/NISO Z39.19 - Guidelines for the Construction, Format, and Management of Monolingual Controlled Vocabularies
2. DCMI: Dublin Core Metadata Initiative (1999); DC Metadata Term (2010)
3. DDC: Dewey Decimal Classification System
4. ESE: Europeana Semantic Elements
5. GETTY: GETTY vocabulary / Some mappings by GETTY
6. ISO 25964. Thesauri and interoperability with other vocabularies
7. TEI: Text Encoding Initiative
8. UDC: The Universal Decimal Classification
9. VIAF: Virtual International Authority File

• Thesauri: STW Thesaurus for Economics; Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (ASFA) thesaurus; Fisheries Reference Metadata; National Agricultural Library's Agriculture Thesaurus and Glossary; Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names (TGN)
• More General: Preservation vocabularies from LoC ( Preservation Events; Preservation Level Role)

LAM: Library/bibliography

1. EAD: Encoded Archival Description / (Library of Congress/LC)/XML formats/tree structure
2. LCSH: Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH: 1898); in 2008 LCSH are published as LOD.
3. MARC: MAchine-Readable Cataloging/MARC Standard (Library of Congress/LC:1999) :flat structure for displaying records
4. MeSH : Medical Subject Headings
5. METS: Metadata Encoding and Transmission Standard / (Library of Congress/LC)
6. MODS: Metadata Object Description Schema / (Library of Congress/LC)
7. NDLSH: National Diet Library List of Subject Headings (NDLSH)
8. RAMEAU/SKOS/ Répertoire d'Autorité-Matière Encyclopédique et Alphabétique Unifié (RAMEAU) (French approach in subject headings cataloging as linked data 2012)
9. SWD: Schlagwortnormdatei/ Subject Headings Authority File of the German National Library

LAM: Cultural Heritage/Museum

1. AAT: Art and Architecture Thesaurus (Getty)
2. AFS ET: American Folklore Society Ethnographic Thesaurus
3. CCO Commons: Cataloging Cultural Objects Commons*
4. CDWA: Categories for the Description of Works of Art ((Getty))
5. CHIN Humanities Data Dictionary: Canadian Heritage Information Network (CHIN) Humanities Data Dictionary*
6. CIDOC-CRM: CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model (2003-)
7. CIMI: Consortium for the Computer Interchange of Museum Information
8. EBU P/Meta Semantic Metadata Schema
9. Iconclass: Description and retrieval of subjects represented in images
10. LIDO: Lightweight Information Describing Objects schema of ATHENA
11. object ID
12. PBCore: Public Broadcasting Metadata Dictionary
13. SPECTRUM: the UK Museum Collections Management Standard
14. TGM: Thesaurus for Graphic Materials (Library of Congress/LC)
15. ULAN: Getty Union List of Artist Names (Getty)
16. VRA: Visual Resources Association CORE (Library of Congress/LC)

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